Difference between revisions of "Hoinomese Civil War"
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| − | There was sporadic mortar and RPG fire against Yên Nông airport from Vintyr 14 to 17, and an attempted assult by Bhmer separatists. No victims were reported among the Hoinomese troops protecting the airport or the civilian population. | + | |There was sporadic mortar and RPG fire against Yên Nông airport from Vintyr 14 to 17, and an attempted assult by Bhmer separatists. No victims were reported among the Hoinomese troops protecting the airport or the civilian population. |
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|Vintyr 15, 1589 | |Vintyr 15, 1589 | ||
Revision as of 18:12, 9 October 2018
The Hoinomese Civil War is an ongoing multi-sided armed conflict in the Imperial Kingdom of Hôinom fought between the Hôinomese government, along with its allies, and various forces opposing both the monarchist government and each other in varying combinations.
The unrest in Hôinom grew out of disconent with the central government as consequence of severe drought and floods which resulted in the dead of thousands of peasants, and escalated to an armed conflict after protests were violently suppressed. The war is being fought by several factions: the Imperial Kingdom of Hôinom with Empress Hông as head of state, several far-right monarchist factions, anti-monarchist and revolutionary factions, and the separatist Bhmer rebels in the north, with a number of countries in the region and beyond being either directly involved or providing support to one or another faction.
International organizations have accused the Hoinomese government, opposition rebel groups, and the Bhmer separatists of severe human rights violations and massacres. The conflict has caused a refugee crisis. Over the course of the war, a number of peace initiatives have been launched, but fighting continues.
Contents
Background
Hôinom became an independent country in 1510 following centuries of Oslanburgan rule. Monarchy was reinstated in 1519, and following a coup d'etat shortly afterwards, an absolute monarchy was imposed with Lâm Thâng Duông as Emperor of Hôinôm. Under Emperor Nguyên, there was a popular uprising in the late 1540s, which was crushed by the military and pro-monarchist groups. Upon Emperor Nguyên's death 1557, his wife Xuân was proclaimed Regent. This period was dominated by military centralization, corruption, but also industrial modernization and economic growth. In 1568, Nguyên's only daughter, Hông, was crowned as Empress of the Imperial Kingdom of Hôinôm at the age of 16.
Protests in 1579, led to the appointment of moderate Prime Minister Bûi Quang An, who promulgated some liberal reforms and called for the first national parliamentary elections in sixty years. Empress Hông promised that she will sign any constitutional draft passed by the parliament, but after the fall of the election of a righ-wing monarchist majority in the national assembly -which reserved 1/3 of the seats for the nobility and military leadership- and fall of Bûi Quang An's government in 1582, this promise was never put into practice. Under Prime Minister Quang Công Quang, many of the reforms during Bûi Quang An's government were unconcluded or even rejected, although parliamentary activity continued, and a new right-wing majority was reelected in the 1587 election, in which electoral fraud was denounced by opposition groups.
Timeline
| Quartyr 18, 1589 | Protests in Tay Lanh |
| Quartyr 18-21, 1589 | Protests spread to nearby provinces. |
| Quartyr 22, 1589 | Rebellion in Sông Lôm, Hoa Làk. |
| Quartyr 27-28, 1589 | Governor Vuong Quang Vang is unable to contain the riots. |
| Fein 11-12, 1589 | Violence erupts in Ving Dèng. |
| Fein 14, 1589 | Political council formed in Tay Lanh. |
| Fein 18, 1589 | Prime Minister Quang Công Quang announces the mobilization of Armed Forces in several provinces, after rioters attack state forces in Quang Cai. |
| Fein 21, 1589 | Parliament rejects to call a parliamentary committe to investigate the violence and the causes of the famine. |
| Fein 24, 1589 | Riots in Biam Hông province. Government declares state of emergency in 12 of 31 provinces. |
| Fein 26, 1589 | “Regional Committee” estabished in Khanh Tum. Similar committees established in nearby provinces. |
| Fein 27, 1589 | A police statation is attacked by armed crowd in Yen Nông. |
| Zechyr 2-10, 1589 | Violence increases in southeastern regions. Government announces that several governors to be sacked. |
| Zechyr 14, 1589 | A group of special forces troops are furiously attacked by a mob in Hoa Làk. |
| Zechyr 15, 1589 | Prime Minister Quang Công Quang announces state of emergency in all country. |
| Zechyr 16-22, 1589 | Violence increases in most southern regions. |
| Zechyr 27, 1589 | Riots in Khanh Tum. Insurgency increases in the northern provinces. |
| Septem 4, 1589 | Students join protests in the Imperial University of Nam Dinh. |
| Septem 25-26, 1589 | Student protests in Hôi Luỳên. |
| Septem 27, 1589 | National unions call for a five-day general strike on Ochtyr 10. |
| Ochtyr 8, 1589 | Rebellion in Hoa Lák. Riots in Sông Lôm province. |
| Ochtyr 11, 1589 | Prime Minister Quang Công Quang announces reshuffle of government. Nghiêm Vàn Bào is announced Minister of National Security. |
| Ochtyr 22, 1589 | National government orders closure of school and universities and restriction on consumer goods. |
| Ochtyr 22-26, 1589 | Reports on the existance of pro-government para-military groups. |
| Nueva 11, 1589 | 144 of 222 MP pass a parliamentary resolution giving full confidence to Prime Minister Quang Công Quang. Riots in central and eastern Hoinom. |
| Nueva 19, 1589 | Revolutionary forces take Tay Lanh. Rebellion continues in Hoa Làk and Kêt Nôi. |
| Nueva 28, 1589 | Commitee of Public Salvation is formed in Tay Lanh, headed by Lâ Vân Quân. |
| Dein 2, 1589 | Another Commitee of Public Salvation is formed in Quang Cai. |
| Dein 4, 1589 | Quang Cai’s Committee of Public Salvation calls for the release of political prisoners and the suspension of the state of emergency. |
| Dein 18-20, 1589 | Minh Xân falls on rebel control. |
| Dein 22, 1589 | Yên Nông National Airport is attacked by rural guerrilla fighters. |
| Dein 28, 1589 | Empress Hông calls for an end of violence. Armed Forces are forced to withdraw from Pha Làm province. |
| Elva 4-7, 1589 | Rebellion is crushed in Vin Xuỳên. |
| Elva 10-22, 1589 | Hundreds are killed in Namd Dinh, Hôi Luỳên, Bâc Duong and Yên Nông, in crashes between state forces and protesters. |
| Tolven 12, 1589 | Nationalist Party convention in Màu Vàng, the first one in Hoinomese soil since the 1550s. |
| Tolden 18-22, 1589 | Violent erupts in the northern provinces. Prime Minister Quang Công Quang orders the deployment of military forces in the northern provinces. |
| Tolven 26-28, 1589 | Several ethnic Bhmer officers leave their posts, joining the insurgency in some cases. Minister Bào orders a purge of ethnic Bhmer from the ranks of the police. Insurgency intensifies. |
| Treizen 8, 1589 | In Gan Dinh, northern Hôinôm, Bhmer separatists seize buildings and flew over the Bhmer flag. They also seized nearby towns in the Thung Giáu province. |
| Treizen 14, 1589 | At dawn, Hoinomese forces launched a large-scale operation to retake the northern provinces. There were reports of gunfire, explosions, and a military helicopter opening fire, and rebel forces claimed two helicopters had been show down. Separatist forces claimed that two hundred militants and sixty civilians were kiled in the clashes. |
| Treizen 19, 1589 | Tieguo's Foreign Office expresses concern about human rights abuses and violence along Tieguo-Hôinôm border, in first official stateement since the beginning of the crisis in the nearby country. |
| Treizen 24, 1589 | Representatives from the Hoinomese Nationalist Party gathered in a small village nearby Quang Cai. They meet for three days, and demand the immediate resignation of the Hoinomese government and democratic elections. |
| Treizen 26, 1589 | A rebel mortar attack on government positions at Vân Duông province left two soldiers killed and two wounded. Rebel Bhmer sources claim that the village of Minh Sangh, northern Hôinôm, was damaged by Hoinomese artillery fire. |
| Treizen 28, 1589 | The Hoinomese Ministry of Defense reported a rebel attack on a military checkpoint at Biên Dôi province. Some 50 Bhmer rebels arrived on ten vehicles and opened fire, but were repelled after a 20-minute shootout. Two rebels were killed, three were captured and six injured. |
| Vintyr 4, 1589 | A meeting is held in the Sông Lôm province, between representatives from several southern and eastern provinces. They call for the immediate resignation of the government and democratic elections. |
| Vintyr, 8, 1589 | Eleven Hoinomese soldiers were killed when a military convoy was ambushed nearby Thung Giáu. Another two soldiers died of wounds. A Bhmer separatist commander was injured in an assassination attempt, which they blamed on Hoinomese forces. |
| Vintyr 10, 1589 | Bhmer forces claim that the Hoinomese army shot and killed twenty-six civilians in their way to Thung Giàu.
In the town of Han Sinh, in the Thung Sinh province, a group of 500 armed Bhmer militants surrounded a military camp of the Hoinomese army and asked the military personnel inside to lay down their weapons. The Bhmer forces eventually took control of the area after a number of Hoinomese soldiers swore loyalty to the separatist movement. The remaining troops were relocated to another barracks. The Bhmer milita seized an undetermined number of weapons as consequence. At least 50 armed assailants took over a factory in Búc Trâng, eastern Hôinôm. |
| Vintyr 14, 1589 | There was sporadic mortar and RPG fire against Yên Nông airport from Vintyr 14 to 17, and an attempted assult by Bhmer separatists. No victims were reported among the Hoinomese troops protecting the airport or the civilian population. |
| Vintyr 15, 1589 | At Búc Trâng province, 21 Hoinomese soldiers were killed and 8 wounded when armed militants attacked a checkpoint with machine gun fire, hand grenades, rocket propelled grenades and mortan rounds. Later, another soldier died of wounds, bringing the Hoinomese death toll to 22. |
| Vintyr 16, 1589 | A Hoinomese military convoy was blocked and ambushed by rebel forces at a bridge in Búc Trâng province. Six Hoinomese soldiers were killed and eleven wounded. The attack was claimed by the Revolutionary People’s Army.
Armed men broke in the town council of Yanh Man, northern Hôinôm, where they shot and killed three people and wounded five others. |
| Vintyr 18, 1589 | In the town of Quang Cai, a “Committee of Local and Regional Councils” is formed, calling for immediate resignation of the government. They committee also agrees on economic measures, including the draft of an agrarian reform.
National government declares a daily curfew from 18:00 to 06:00 am in 26 of 31 provinces. |
| Vintyr 19, 1589 | A Hoinomese military base was attacked in Vân Duông province, causing losses on both sides.
A Hoinomese helicopter was shut down by separatist forces in Thung Giàu, killing 12 people on board. It was reported that since the start the conflict the northern Bhmer separatists had taken about 800 hostages and prisoners. A Nationalist Party militant was appointed Chairman of the “Committee of Local and Regional Councils”. |
| Vintyr 20, 1589 | Insurgents have launched a large attack against main command center in Búc Trâng province, eastern Hôinôm. Five insurgents were reportedly killed and twelve Hoinomese soldiers wounded.
Hoinomese Air Force conducted several airstrike against rebel positions in Northern Hôinôm. |
| Vintyr 21, 1589 | A Hoinomese convoy was attacked en route from Vin Xuỳên to Búc Trâng. Two soldiers were killed and fourteen wounded. An armoured personnel carrier was hit by a RPG. In northwestern Hôinôm, the Hoinomese army attacked separatist roadblocks.
Heavy fighting and artillery fire were reported in Búc Trâng and Pha Làm provinces. It was reported two military helicopters were damaged in battle. Bhmer separatist launch offensive against Lùng Sinh. |
| Vintyr 22, 1589 | After intense fighting in the Thung Singh province, Bhmer separatists are to take many Lûng Sinh suburbs that evening.
Meanwhile, insurgents were able to take the base of the Hoinomese border guard in Bùc Trâng they were attacking for three days. |
| Vintyr 23, 1589 | It was reported that the Hoinomese government had losst control over more than 100 km of the border with Tieguo in both northern and eastern provinces.
In the village of Ming Sàm, Thung Giàu province, the Bhmer Political Movement, the main Bhmer separatist organization, proclaimes the self-determination of the Bhmer nation, calling Hôi Luỳên government to accept their call for sovereignty and withdraw troops from the northern provinces. |
| Vintyr 24, 1589 | The Hoinomese army deployed tanks around Yên Nông.
Bhmer separatists shot down a Hoinomese surveillance plane with two shoulder-launched missiles. Hoinomese government initially claimed that the pilots survived, but they later reported that six crewmembers were killed in the action, and another was missing. A mortar attack on a Hoinomese checkpoint nearby Lùng Sinh killed two soldiers. Prime Minister Quang Công Quang announces his resignation. |
| Vintyr 25, 1589 | Diêp Dup Dùng, Minister of Foreign Affairs since 1582, is announced as new Prime Minister.
Hoinomese Air Forces launches airtrikes against rebel forces in Thung Giàu, Thung Singh, and Màu Trân provinces. Rebels reportedly launched attacks against the airport of Kham Tum. |
| Vintyr 26, 1589 | Residential areas in Lùng Singh have been hit by indirect fire between the Hoinomese army and the separatist insurgency. Rockets and mortar shells were aimed at buldings used by separatists, though some apartments and homes have been struck during the confrontations. Some buildings were partially destroyed, other completely destroyed beyond repair. |
| Vintyr 28, 1589 | Six Hoinomese paratroopers were killed and twelve wounded after being ambushed by armed militants in an area near the border with Tieguo in Trung Hôi province. |
| Alvan 4, 1590 | Hoinomese officials claimed their troops destroyed the insurgency in Trung Hôi. They destroyed two Severyane-made armoured vehicle and captured about 20 prisoners.
Embassy of Severyanne denied any involvement with Hoinomese insurgency. Residents of Màu Tran claimed that white phosphorus incendiary bombs were dropped on the city. |
| Alvan 6, 1590 | Hoinomese government denounces that Tieguonese Air Force violated Hôinôm airspace for fourth time in a week.
Twenty militants armed with automatic weapons took over the Hoinomese State Security building at Búc Trâng. The Bhmer Democratic Republic is proclaimed by the Bhmer Political Movement in Thung Giàu, without being officially recognized by any foreign government. Minister Nghiêm Vàn Bào threatens with immediate declaration of war against any state which state that recognized the Bhmer republic although the government rejects hour later that is official government policy. |
| Alvan 10, 1590 | Hoinomese officials stated that a transport plane was shot down as it approached an airport in Kêt Châm, killing six crewmembers and 40 troops on board. Residents said that Hoinomese forced launched air attacks on rebel positions in the vicinity a few hours later. |
| Alvan 14, 1590 | General Bûi Thành Quyên claimed that the Bhmer forces were 20,000-25,000 strong and that at least one third of them had probably arrived from Tieguo: “It can not be denied that weapons and militants are being brought in”. Tieguonese Foreign Office rejected such claims.
Bhmer separatists claimed that sixteen people died in clashes in Yên Nông province. |
| Alvan 16, 1590 | Spokesman for the Hoinomese army claimed that armed forces had conducted “a series of succesful operations over the past 48 hours” to regain control over the Tieguo-Hôinôm border in the northeast in which “about 120 militants have been neutralized”.
Retired military officer and MP Vinh Thành Phuông reported that about one thousand militants equipped with heavy armoured vehicles broke from Tieguo into Hôinôm through an area that was poorly defended by Hoinomese guards in Tay Lanh province. Two tanks were spotted in Vin Dêng, according to local media. |
| Alvan 18, 1590 | Hoinomese army launches military operation in Biam Hông. Airstrikes in Khanh Tum and nearby towns are reported.
Hôinôm and Tieguo broke diplomatic relations after Hoinomese ambassador condemned the lack of Tieguonese willingness to stop the flow of weapons and militants into Hôinôm. However, Tieguonese Foreign Office declares that the Tieguonese government “still consider...Hôi Luỳên as the sole and only legitimate government” in Hôinôm. |
| Alvan 22, 1590 | Rebels launch a large offensive in the southern provinces. |
| Alvan 24, 1590 | At early morning, a military base at Lâng Hâng province was shattered during a rebel attack. There were no Hoinomese casualties, but the facilities were left in ruins.
Hoinomese government claimed that a Severyane-made tank was captured by Hôinômese forces in Pha Làm province. |
| Alvan 28, 1590 | After ten days of fighting, Hoinomese army enters into the city of Khanh Tum, in the most important military victory for Hoinomese government since Diêp Dup Dùng was appointed Prime Minister. Fighting would continue for another five days. It was reported summary executions by Hoinomese soldiers in Khanh Tum the following days, but a spokesperson for the army denied such claims. |
| Dosa, 1590 | Rebel launch a second offensive against government forces in the southern provinces, this time assisted by militants arrived from Hoa Làk. The fighting would last for six weeks. The insurgency would be unable to take over Kêt Châm and Lâng Hang, the largest cities under government control, but they would be able to force government forces out of most of the rural areas. As a consequence, government forces in the southern provinces are completely isolated from the rest of the country, although still control many kilometres along the Singanese border. |
